Artisanal Biochar
Artisanal biochar is produced using small-scale, often traditional methods accessible to rural communities. Biochar is a charcoal-looking, carbon-rich substance that is produced when materials like agricultural residues are heated in a process called pyrolysis. This approach harnesses the power of biochar for carbon sequestration while supporting sustainable livelihoods and promoting environmental stewardship.
Introduction
Artisanal biochar fuses traditional techniques of char production with modern sustainability practices. By producing biochar at a local scale, farmers and community members can engage in carbon removal while enhancing soil health and boosting livelihoods. This method offers a flexible, lower-infrastructure process to sequester carbon, making it an ideal solution in rural and agricultural areas.
The Steps
Below is a summary of the three main stages involved in producing and storing artisanal biochar. This approach is a blend of traditional methods and simple engineering, demonstrating how both natural processes and hands-on techniques contribute to carbon removal.
Biomass
Local biomass, such as agricultural residues, is collected. Plants trap CO₂ during photosynthesis and convert it into carbon-rich biomass, which serves as the feedstock for biochar.
Pyrolysis
Biomass is subjected to pyrolysis in small-scale kilns or pits, heated to between 300 and 800°C with limited or no oxygen. This process transforms the biomass into biochar, retaining a high carbon content and producing by-products that can be used for renewable energy.
Use
The resulting biochar is stable and rich in carbon, and can be stored for centuries. It is often used as a soil amendment, enhancing soil fertility, structure, and water retention.
How it works
Carbon Sequestration
The sequestration step in carbon dioxide removal via biochar production is facilitated by photosynthesis. Plants, such as agricultural crops and trees in forests, take up water from the soil and absorb CO₂ from the atmosphere.
Using energy from the sun, a green pigment called chlorophyll converts the water and CO₂ to oxygen and glucose. The oxygen is released into the atmosphere and the glucose goes on to nourish the growing plant and create biomass. Large quantities of waste biomass is produced in agriculture, forestry, food processing and manufacturing, and in municipalities, and this biomass is suitable for biochar manufacturing.
Pyrolysis
In the absence of oxygen, the collected biomass, which would typically decompose and release CO₂ back into the atmosphere, undergoes thermal breakdown in small-scale kilns or pits—this process is known as pyrolysis.
During pyrolysis, three products are generated: biochar, synthetic gas, and bio-oil. The biochar is separated by simple techniques, while the other products can be utilised for local energy needs.
Slow pyrolysis, commonly used in artisanal production, yields the highest amount of biochar. This is achieved by maintaining moderate temperatures (300-500°C), using slower heating methods, and allowing the biomass to remain in the kiln or pit for a longer period.
Carbon Storage & Use
The biochar produced from pyrolysis is generally very stable and contains >65% carbon. This biochar could just sit in storage anywhere for centuries but there are opportunities to optimise its use.
For example, it can be used as a soil amendment in agriculture and forestry, where it confers many co-benefits while safely and permanently storing most of the biochar-carbon. Biochar can alternatively be incorporated into long-lasting building materials, such as plaster, concrete, bricks, and insulation.
Empowering communities through sustainable practices
Artisanal biochar production is an accessible, low-cost method that often involves participation of local communities. It supports sustainable agricultural practices, improves soil health, and offers a additional sources of income. This approach ensures that carbon sequestration efforts are deeply integrated with local economic and environmental benefits.
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Artisanal biochar has a significant climate impact due to its high carbon content and the potential for widespread community adoption. It effectively captures and stores CO₂, contributing to global carbon reduction goals.
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The co-benefits of artisanal biochar include improved soil health, enhanced agricultural productivity, and the creation of economic opportunities for rural communities. By utilising local biomass and traditional techniques, it supports sustainable land management and environmental stewardship.
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